Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Ntawm Qhov Ua Tau, Scenarios Thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ntsuas Rau Cov Hlau Yeeb Nkab Cracking

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel tawg yog tias qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv yog ntau dua li cov khoom siv lub zog / tsis ua hauj lwm toughness. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj plaub qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb: cov khoom siv tsis raug, cov txheej txheem tsis raug, kev quab yuam sab nraud ntau dhau, thiab ib puag ncig corrosion.

Los ntawm microscopic grain cracking mus rau micro-kawg nthuav mus rau macroscopic tawg, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tsib hom: longitudinal cracking, transverse cracking, circumferential cracking, kawg tawg, thiab weld cracking.

1. Khoom siv -txog yog vim li cas (inherent defects)

1. Kev suav nrog / ntu ntu hauv cov khoom siv raw
Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov hlau, yog tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm leej faj, phosphorus, oxygen, thiab hydrogen tshaj tus qauv, sulfides thiab oxides yuav sib sau ua ke, cuam tshuam qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov nplej hlau thiab ua qhov chaw tawg; Yog tias cov pa roj carbon sib npaug siab dhau lawm, cov hlau yuav nkig thiab tsis muaj zog, thiab nws yuav ua rau txias txias.

2. Cov qauv metallographic tsis txaus
Coarse nplej, banded qauv, Vickers qauv, hardened martensite nyuaj thiab nkig qauv, ho txo ​​plasticity, txawm me ntsis kev nyuaj siab yuav ua rau tawg.

3. Cov phab ntsa tsis sib xws, ntau dhau ellipticity
Ib sab ntawm cov yeeb nkab yog tuab dua thiab lwm qhov yog nyias, qhov kev ntxhov siab yog nyob ntawm nyias- thaj tsam phab ntsa, thiab cov kab nrib pleb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab.

4. Hydrogen-induced cracking (feem ntau)
Thaum lub sij hawm steel ntau lawm, acid ntxuav, vuam, electroplating txheej txheem nqus hydrogen, hydrogen atoms nkag mus rau hauv lub lattice, accumulates nyob rau hauv lub siab, tawg cov nplej, thiab feem ntau manifest raws li qeeb cracking.

2. Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog vim li cas (post-fabrication defects)

1. Cov txheej txheem kub dov / txias tsis tsim nyog

• Tshaj cua sov / txias txias: Overheating ua rau coarse nplej thiab tsis tiav forging; Qhov kub thiab txias dhau ua rau tsis zoo plasticity thiab ncaj qha tearing thaum dov.
• Kev txo qis hauv dov: Kev deformation ntau dhau ib zaug dhau ntawm cov khoom siv qhov kev cia siab, ua rau cov txheej txheem sab hauv thiab micro{0}} tawg.
• Tsis muaj qhov nruab nrab annealing hauv cov duab txias: Kev ua haujlwm txias txias, kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ntawm tensile, thiab ntuj tawg thaum khaws cia thiab txiav.

2. Qhov tsis xws luag hauv welded steel kav
Kauv vuam, ncaj seam welding: Tsis muaj kev nkag mus, slag suav nrog, roj porosity, undercut, weld hlaws, qhov vuam yog qhov chaw tsis muaj zog, kev ntxhov siab ua rau tawg ncaj qha; welding ntau dhau cua sov input, brittleness nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub- cuam tshuam cheeb tsam.

3. Kev kho cua sov tsis raug
Kev txias txias dhau thaum lub sijhawm normalizing thiab annealing ua rau quenching kev ntxhov siab; tempering tsis txaus, residual stress tsis tso, thiab tom qab qeeb cracking.

4. Txiav, beveling, chamfering ua
Sawing, nplaim taws txiav ua kom muaj kev ntxhov siab thermal thiab txheej txheej tawv, ua rau micro tawg ntawm qhov kawg, uas nthuav tawm tom qab.

3. Kev ntxhov siab thiab kev quab yuam sab nraud
1. Kev ntxhov siab nyob sab hauv
Tom qab dov, vuam, thiab kos duab txias, qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tsis tau txo qis. Cov yeeb nkab steel muaj nws tus kheej tensile kev nyuaj siab sab hauv, thiab nws yuav ib txwm tawg txawm tias tsis muaj zog sab nraud.

2. Mechanical Overload los ntawm Sab Nraud Forces
Compression, cuam tshuam, dabtsi yog khoov, tsis sib luag quab yuam faib thaum nqa thiab txhim kho, thiab tshaj qhov tsim tawm lub zog ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel.

3. Kev nyuaj siab
Cov kab nrib pleb tshwm sim ntawm cov yeeb nkab qhib qhov ntswj, khawb ua rau lub qhov dej, cov kaum ntse ntse los ntawm kev ua cov xov, thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm phab ntsa tuab. Kev ntxhov siab hauv zos tau nthuav dav ntau zaus, ua rau tawg tam sim ntawd.

4. Ua rau Corrosion thiab Deterioration ntawm ib puag ncig thiab nruab nrab
1. Tsawg-kub embrittlement
Tsawg- carbon thiab qis- cov kav hlau alloy muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Txawm tias me ntsis vibrations lossis cuam tshuam tuaj yeem ua rau tawg thiab tawg.

2. Corrosion tawg

• Kev ntxhov siab corrosion: Moisture, acids, alkalis, chloride ions + tensile stress, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg (SCC).
• Intergranular corrosion: Qhov nruab nrab erodes cov qoob loo ciam teb, ua rau maj mam tawg.
• Hydrogen corrosion, sulfide corrosion (ntau nyob rau hauv oilfield thiab thee chemical pipeline systems).

1. Kev tawg thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom

• Thaum kub dov thiab tho:Cov yeeb nkab billet muaj qhov kub thiab txias thiab muaj ntau qhov sib xyaw ua ke, uas ua rau cov kua muag ncaj qha ntawm qhov tho qhov taub.
• Thaum lub sij hawm dov txheej txheem:Kev txo qis ntau dhau, kev hloov kho tsis raug ntawm cov kev taw qhia chais, ua rau cov kab nrib pleb ntev ntawm cov yeeb nkab phab ntsa.
• Thaum lub caij txias kos duab ntau lawm:Tsis zoo lubrication ntawm pwm, ntau deformation, thiab tsis ua hauj lwm rau anneal, ua rau tawg thaum kos duab.
• Thaum welding tsim:Tsis zoo weld tsim, mismatch ntawm vuam tam sim no thiab voltage, tam sim ntawd tawg ntawm vuam.
• Thaum lub sij hawm straightening txheej txheem:Kev kub siab dhau ntawm cov chais ncaj nraim, ua rau cov yeeb nkab raug crushed thiab tsim cov kab nrib pleb.

2. Kev tawg thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia / thauj

• Txias-cov kav dej thiab cov kav dej welded tsis tau ua kom muaj kev ntxhov siab, thiab qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv thaum lub sij hawm cia sab nraum zoov ua rau thermal expansion thiab contraction, ua rau tawg.
• Kev khi tsis raug thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los thiab nqa, thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov padding, ua rau hauv zos compression thiab abrasion, ua rau tawg.
• Raug dej noo, nag, xeb thiab xeb, maj mam nthuav micro{0}} tawg ntawm qhov chaw.

3. Tshaj tawm - txheej txheem cracking

• Nplaim txiav thiab sib tsoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab kawg, thermal shock ua rau qhov kawg tawg.
• Xov txiav, threading, slotting ua, txiav kev ntxhov siab ua ke nrog lub kaum ntse ntse kev ntxhov siab ua rau tawg.
• Randomly truncating, ntxhib knocking, vibration amplifates lub micro{0}} tawg tam sim no.

4. Cracking thaum lub sij hawm installation thiab siv

• Kev quab yuam kev sib dhos ntawm cov kav dej, rub tawm nyuaj rau kev sib txuas, uas ua rau kev txhim kho tensile kev nyuaj siab.
• Tshaj qhov tsim siab rau siab-cov kabmob, dej rauj cuam tshuam, nce siab thiab txo qis.
• Sab nraum zoov siv nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, tsis muaj rwb thaiv tsev, ua rau nkig puas.
• Lub hauv paus kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov kav dej faus, tshem tawm kev thauj khoom, av corrosion.
• High-kub tej yam kev mob: Ntev-lub sij hawm siab-kub creep, nplej nplawm ua rau tawg; alternating kub thiab txias cycles, thermal qaug zog tawg.

1. Kev tswj cov khoom siv raw (tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm qhov chaw)

1. nruj me ntsis tswj cov steelmaking muaj pes tsawg leeg: txo cov sulfur thiab phosphorus, tswj cov pa roj carbon sib npaug, nruj me ntsis tswj cov ntsiab lus hydrogen, xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog, thiab tsis txhob sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom seem thiab lwm yam impurities.

2. All cov khoom xa tuaj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov tsis zoo: Ultrasonic / induction flaw detection, tshem tawm sab hauv inclusions, txheej, thiab shrinkage defects.

3. UAdaim ntawv cua sov ntawm billets: kauj ruam-los ntawm- kauj ruam cub cua sov ntawm qhov ceev tsis tu ncua, tsis txhob muaj cua sov hauv zos thiab qis qis, thiab ua kom lub sijhawm tuav txaus kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem microstructure.

2. Rolling/Cold Drawing txheej txheem kho
1. Precise Temperature Control
Rau qhov kub dov, qhov kub ntawm qhov pib thiab qhov kawg dov yog nruj me ntsis tswj kom tsis txhob muaj qhov nkig; nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw qis - qhov kub thiab txias, qhov cua kub ntawm lub billet yog tsim nyog.

2. Tsim nyog faib kev txo qis
Txo cov dov ib qho deformation tus nqi, siv ntau qhov kev hla nrog me me kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau hauv ib qho mus; optimize qhov sib nrug ntawm yob thiab cov lus qhia kom ntseeg tau tias cov phab ntsa tuab tuab thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ellipticity.

3. Kev tiv thaiv -kev sib tsoo hauv Cov Txheej Txheem Txias Txias
Ua ntej kos duab txias, ua spheroidization annealing kom tshem tawm kev ua hauj lwm hardening; polish cov pwm thiab muab lubrication txaus los txo kev sib txhuam; siv ntau dhau ntawm kev kos duab thiab ntxiv cov txheej txheem annealing hauv nruab nrab.

3. Tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv- kev ntsuas kev sib tsoo rau cov kav hlau welded
1. Ua kom haum cov vuam tam sim no, qhov hluav taws xob, thiab vuam ceev kom tiv thaiv kev nkag mus tsis tiav, undercutting, thiab slag suav nrog.
2. Preheat ua ntej vuam thiab txias maj mam tom qab vuam. Siab - carbon steel / alloy steel kav yuav tsum tau tempered tom qab vuam los txo kev ntxhov siab.
3. Ua nyob rau hauv -kab ultrasonic thiab X- teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov hlua khi, thiab tshem tawm cov kav hlau tawg tam sim ntawd.

4. Kev kho cua sov rau kev ntxhov siab (txoj kev tseem ceeb)
1. Txias-cov kav dej, tuab- cov kav dej uas muaj phab ntsa, thiab cov kav hlau alloy yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev ntxhov siab / ua haujlwm zoo kom tso cov kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev dov thiab vuam.
2. Tswj tus nqi txias. Txwv tsis pub cua txias lossis cua txias sai. Siv lub tshuab ua kom txias, ua kom txias txias hauv lub qhov kom tsis txhob muaj cov txheej txheem hardening.

5. Tshaj tawm -kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tswj kom ncaj
1. Zoo- kho lub siab ntawm cov menyuam kom tsis txhob muaj kev ncaj ntau dhau los ua rau cov kab nrib pleb; re- tshuaj xyuas tom qab straightening.
2. Siv tsawg-kev ua haujlwm ceev rau cov yeeb nkab qhov ncauj sib dhos thiab chamfering kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws kub ntawm cov yeeb nkab qhov ncauj los ntawm nplaim taws; Hloov chaw, siv cov tshuab sawing los txo cov thermal tawg.
3. Ua ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm cov yeeb nkab lub qhov ncauj tom qab kev ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab vim los ntawm cov ces kaum ntse thiab qhov khoob.

6. Kev soj ntsuam zoo hauv online
Tag nrho- txheej txheem eddy tam sim no, ultrasonic, thiab hydrostatic tests yog ua los xyuas micro- tawg ua ntej thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom uas muaj cov kab nrib pleb tawm ntawm cov kab ntau lawm.

1. Hom kev xaiv thiab kev sib haum xeeb (xaiv cov yeeb nkab zoo ua ntej)
1. Tsawg-qhov kub thiab txias:Xaiv cov kav hlau uas tiv taus qis- qhov kub thiab txias (xws li Q355C/D/E), thiab tsis txhob siv cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam.
2. Corrosive media (acid, alkali, tshuaj, seaside):Xaiv cov kav dej galvanized, stainless hlau, los tiv thaiv - cov kav dej corrosion. Ordinary carbon steel kav yog nquag muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion cracking.
3. Siab-siab thiab siab- qhov kub thiab txias:Xaiv cov yeeb nkab tuab-walled, seamless steel kav. Tsis lees txais nyias- cov kav dej welded raws li kev hloov pauv.

2. Cov ntawv khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los
1. Khaws cov kav hlau ua tiav kom tsis txhob raug ncua lossis raug rau ib qho - taw tes kev ntxhov siab; siv cov txheej ntoo txhawb nqa los tiv thaiv kev sib cuag nyuaj thiab squeezing.
2. Npog lawv thaum lub caij los nag los tiv thaiv xeb vim los nag los thiab tawg los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tam sim ntawd; kom lawv nyob deb ntawm ib puag ncig nrog acid thiab alkali corrosion.
3. Siv cov hlua nqa nqa tau yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los thiab nqa. Tsis txhob ncaj qha nias lub qhov ncauj qhov ncauj lossis lub cev nrog cov hlua hlau. nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub tuav thiab cuam tshuam.

3. Kev txiav thiab kev ua haujlwm thib ob
1. Sim siv cov tshuab txias txias kom ntau li ntau tau, thiab txo qis kev siv hluav taws kub txiav; Thaum cov nplaim taws txiav yog tsim nyog, tshem tawm cov txheej tawv tawv thiab micro- tawg tom qab txiav.
2. Tom qab threading thiab slotting, ua chamfers thiab rounded ces kaum kom tshem tawm cov kev nyuaj siab concentration ntawm lub ntse ces kaum thaum ua.
3. Yog hais tias qhov kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem steel yeeb nkab yog siab, lub zos annealing tuaj yeem ua tau los txo qhov kev ntxhov siab.

4. Kev tsim kho kev tsim kho Specifications

1. Kev teeb tsa kav dej yuav tsum tsis txhob ua los ntawm kev quab yuam los yog quab yuam rub lossis thawb. Cia kom txaus thermal expansion pub kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab tensile thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa.
2. Qhov sib nrug ntawm kev txhawb nqa thiab cov kabmob yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai los tiv thaiv cov kav dej kom tsis txhob raug tshem tawm, tog, lossis khoov hauv qab quab yuam.
3. Rau siab -cov kav dej kub, qhov txuas txuas txuas ntxiv yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kom them nyiaj rau thermal expansion thiab contraction, tiv thaiv thermal stress los ntawm kev tawg.

5. Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv
1. Tsis txhob ua haujlwm dhau qhov siab lossis qhov txwv thauj khoom kom tsis txhob muaj dej rauj thiab kev hloov pauv sai sai.
2. Rwb thaiv tsev thiab tiv thaiv kom khov rau qis - cov kav dej kub kom tsis txhob tawg; txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha thiab khob rau cov kav dej hauv lub caij ntuj no.
3. Siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv- coatings thiab tiv thaiv cathodic rau faus cov kav dej kom cais cov av chloride ions, acids, thiab alkalis los ntawm corrosion.
4. Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua: tsom rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov welds, cov kav dej qhib, thiab lub luj tshib (qhov kev ntxhov siab yog qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab kev tawg yog feem ntau yuav tshwm sim), thiab txiav tam sim ntawd thiab hloov cov kab nrib pleb me me los tiv thaiv lawv qhov nthuav dav thiab tawg ntawm cov kav dej.

1. Lub hauv paus ua rau tawg:Cov khoom tsis xws luag + residual stress + txheej txheem tsis raug + sab nraud quab yuam / qis kub / corrosion ua ke;

2. Cov xwm txheej ua rau tawg:Qhuav dov / vuam, txias kos duab hardening, txiav thermal shock, tsawg- siv kub, corrosive ib puag ncig, yuam installation;

3. Kev tiv thaiv ntau lawm ntawm kev tawg:Tswj cov ntaub ntawv raw, tswj qhov kub thiab txias, txo qhov tsim nyog, tom qab-weld kev kho cua sov, txo kev ntxhov siab, ntawm- kab teeb pom kev zoo;

4. Kev siv tiv thaiv kev tawg:Xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog, maj mam khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los, kev ua haujlwm txias txias, kev teeb tsa tus qauv, tswj siab, tiv thaiv- xeb, thiab tiv thaiv- khov.