Hlau yeeb nkab kho cua sov yog txheej txheem uas hloov cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov yeeb nkab los ntawm cua sov, tuav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yog li ua tiav cov khoom xav tau. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab (xws li lub zog, toughness, hardness) thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm (xws li machinability, corrosion resistance) ntawm cov yeeb nkab, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ntau yam kev thov.
I. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm steel yeeb nkab kho cua sov
Kev kho cua sov tsis hloov cov duab ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel, tab sis theej hloov nws "qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb suav nrog:
- 1. Ua kom muaj zog thiab hardness:Los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li quenching, load-cov kabmob muaj peev xwm thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo.
- 2. Txhim kho plasticity thiab toughness:Los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li annealing, hardness yog txo, qhov ductility yog nce, thiab cov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo, ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau kev ua haujlwm txias (xws li khoov).
- 3. Tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv:Tom qab casting, vuam, lossis ua haujlwm txias, cov yeeb nkab steel yuav tsim kev ntxhov siab sab hauv. Los ntawm kev ntxhov siab-relieving annealing, deformation los yog tawg tuaj yeem tiv thaiv.
- 4. Uniform qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg:Txhim kho qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel, ua rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov.
- 5. Tau txais cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cev lossis tshuaj lom neeg:Piv txwv li, txhim kho corrosion kuj ntawm tej yam stainless hlau kav.
II. Kev piav qhia ntxaws txog cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov
Nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cua kub kub thiab txias ceev, cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:
| Lub npe txheej txheem | Lub Hom Phiaj | Cov txheej txheem luv luv |
| Annealing | Txo hardness, txhim kho plasticity, tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, thiab homogenizes tus qauv. | Tshav kub rau qhov tsim nyog kub, tuav ib pliag, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias (feem ntau yog tawm hauv qhov cub). |
| normalizing | Cov txheej txheem no yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov qauv siv lead ua, kho cov khoom sib xyaw, thiab tshem tawm cov reticular carbides, npaj cov khoom siv rau kev kho cua sov tom ntej. | Cov khoom yog rhuab mus rau qhov kub me ntsis siab tshaj qhov ntawd rau annealing, tuav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tom qab ntawd txias hauv huab cua. Qhov txias txias yog nrawm dua li ntawm annealing. |
| Quenching | Tseem ceeb txhim khu hardness thiab lub zog ntawm steel kav | Nws yog rhuab saum qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb, tuav ib ntus, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias hauv dej, roj, thiab lwm yam. |
| Tempering | Nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tam sim ntawd tom qab quenching kom tshem tawm cov brittleness thiab sab hauv kev ntxhov siab los ntawm quenching thiab ua tiav ib tug zoo ua ke ntawm lub zog thiab toughness. | Lub quenched steel yeeb nkab yog reheated rau qis kub, tuav rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, thiab ces txias. |
III. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cua sov
- 1. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus:Cov khoom ntawm steel nyob ntawm nws sab hauv microstructure (xws li ferrite, austenite, cementite, thiab lwm yam). Kev kho cua sov hloov cov microstructures los ntawm kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau cov theem hloov hauv cov hlau, yog li hloov lawv cov duab, qhov loj me thiab kev faib tawm.
- 2. Peb theem tseem ceeb:
- Cua sov: Uniformly cua sov cov yeeb nkab steel mus rau qhov kub siab tshaj qhov predetermined theem transformation kub, tsim austenite qauv.
- Thermal rwb thaiv tsev:Xyuas kom meej tias qhov kub thiab txias sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel zoo ib yam, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, thiab cov khoom hloov pauv tiav.
- Cua txias:Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Los ntawm kev tswj cov cua txias (xws li lub tshuab cua txias, cua txias, roj txias, lossis dej txias), lub austenite tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv cov qauv sib txawv, yog li ua tiav qhov kev xav tau.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev kho cua sov ntawm cov kav hlau yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas muab rau lawv "tus ntsuj plig". Cov yeeb nkab steel uas muaj tib lub cev tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv cov yeeb nkab uas muaj zog, cov kav dej hloov tau yooj yim, lossis siab - lub tes tsho muaj zog los ntawm kev kho cua sov sib txawv, yog li nthuav dav nws cov nqi thiab daim ntawv thov.
