Cov vuam tsis zoo ntawm cov kav hlau steel feem ntau suav nrog qhov pores, slag inclusions, incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion, cracks, undercutting, weld spatter, and burn-los ntawm. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv thiab txo cov kev tsis zoo no, yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas cov txheej txheem thiab kev tswj kom zoo.
I. Kev Vuam Tsis Zoo thiab Lawv Ua Tau
- 1. Gas porosity: Gases nyob rau hauv lub molten pas dej ua ke ntawm lub vuam cheeb tsam ua tsis tau tejyam khiav ua ntej solidification. Ua rau muaj xws li cov khoom siv vuam ntub dej, cov roj stains ntawm qhov zawj, cov pa roj tsis huv los yog cov dej ntws tsis zoo, thiab cov arc ntev heev.
- 2. Kev suav nrog:Tsis yog -metallic impurities nyob rau hauv weld hlaws. Qhov no feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tu tsis tiav ntawm lub interlayer, tsis txaus vuam tam sim no, kev ua haujlwm vuam tsis raug, thiab kev suav nrog slag.
- 3. Tsis muaj kev nkag mus thiab tsis tiav fusion:Cov hauv paus hniav tsis tag nrho yaj los yog cov hlaws weld tsis fuse nrog cov khoom siv hauv paus lossis cov txheej txheem. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb muaj xws li vuam tsis txaus tam sim no, vuam ceev heev, lub kaum sab xis me me dhau los yog sib dhos sib dhos, thiab lub tshuab arc.
- 4. Cov kab nrib pleb (kub tawg, tawg tawg):Qhov teeb meem txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Kub tawg muaj feem xyuam rau qhov qis melting point eutectics thaum weld seam crystallization; Cov kab nrib pleb txias (ntev kab nrib pleb) feem ntau muaj feem xyuam rau cov qauv tawv, cov ntsiab lus hydrogen thaum lub sij hawm diffusion, thiab vuam kev nyuaj siab.
- 5. Ntug undercut:grooves los yog kev nyuaj siab raws cov ntiv taw weld nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus hlau. Ua los ntawm cov vuam tam sim no ntau dhau, arc ntev dhau lawm, lub kaum sab xis vuam tsis zoo, lossis qhov tsis sib xws ntawm vuam ceev.
- 6. Weld hlaws thiab hlawv -los ntawm:Weld hlaws yog ib qho ntxiv hlau hlaws sab nraum lub weld seam. Hlawv -los ntawm yog ib lub qhov uas tsim los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub pas dej molten. Nws yog feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv vuam tam sim no ntau dhau, qeeb qeeb lossis kev sib dhos loj dhau.
II. Cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv thiab txo qhov tsis xws luag
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm tsib yam: "neeg, tshuab, khoom siv, txoj kev, thiab ib puag ncig"
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Tswj txheej txheem |
Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb |
| Kev npaj ua ntej vuam |
1. Kev kho cov khoom siv: xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv vuam yog qhuav (qhuav raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua), thiab tshem tawm cov roj, xeb, dej thiab lwm yam impurities nyob rau hauv ob sab ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus groove thiab nws qhov chaw nyob ib sab. 2. Groove thiab Assembly: Ua cov grooves raws li cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua, xyuas kom meej kev sib dhos tsis sib xws, thiab nruj me ntsis tswj tus nqi misalignment. 3. Welder Skills: Welders yuav tsum tuav daim ntawv pov thawj thiab muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov txheej txheem. |
| Vuam txheej txheem tswj |
1. Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem: Ua raws li cov txheej txheem vuam tshwj xeeb (WPS) kom ntseeg tau tias qhov tsis xws li vuam tam sim no, qhov hluav taws xob, qhov nrawm, thiab kev sib tshuam - txheej txheej kub yog qhov tseeb. 2. Cov txheej txheem kev khiav hauj lwm: Siv lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub vuam pas nrig / vuam phom, arc ntev, thiab cov txheej txheem vuam, thiab xyuam xim rau kev tshem tawm slag ntawm txheej. 3. Kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig: Thaum cov av noo ib puag ncig siab thiab cua nrawm tshaj li tus qauv, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv xws li teeb tsa lub vaj tse yuav tsum tau coj los tiv thaiv cua thiab noo noo; txwv tsis pub, vuam yuav tsum tau nres. |
| Tshaj tawm -kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev kho vuam |
1. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag: Tshawb xyuas tam sim ntawm cov weld seams. Yog tias pom muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li undercut lossis weld spatter, lawv yuav tsum tau kho tam sim ntawd. 2. Tsis yog- kuaj kev puas tsuaj: Raws li tus qauv yuav tsum tau ua, siv txoj hauv kev xws li kuaj hluav taws xob (RT) thiab kuaj ultrasonic (UT) txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem sab hauv, thiab ntsuas thiab tswj qhov tsis xws luag. 3. Dehydrogenation thiab kev kho cua sov: Rau cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem tawg, tom qab vuam, tam sim ntawd tom qab- vuam kev kho cua sov lossis kev kho dehydrogenation yuav tsum tau ua. Yog tias tsim nyog, tom qab-weld kho cua sov yuav tsum tau ua kom tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab. |
Cov ntsiab lus
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau qhov zoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel vuam, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los pib ntawm qhov chaw thiab ua txoj haujlwm zoo hauv kev ua ntej - vuam tu thiab kev npaj; Thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem, nruj me ntsis raws li cov txheej txheem thiab muaj peev xwm welders ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem; Thaum kawg, los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas nruj kom ua tiav kaw - kev tswj lub voj voog. Rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, cov txheej txheem vuam txheej txheem yuav tsum tau tsim raws li cov qauv tsim nyog (xws li GB, ASME, thiab lwm yam) thiab ua raws li nruj me ntsis.
