Ua Cov Yeeb Nkab Cov Hlau Muaj Cov Kev Xav Tau Tshwj Xeeb rau Weld Seams

Cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb nkab txawv teb chaws (feem ntau hu ua "cov qauv sab nraud" hauv kev lag luam, xws li API, ASTM, EN, ISO series) muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo rau cov welds ntawm welded steel kav, thiab cov kev cai no yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov khoom siv sib xws. Cov kev xeem yuav tsum tau nce zuj zus nrog rau qib tus qauv thiab qhov nruj ntawm daim ntawv thov kev mob.

Rau cov xwm txheej sib txawv, cov qauv tseem ceeb sab nraud muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm vuam, npog peb qhov loj me: cov khoom siv kho tshuab, qhov tsis xws luag, thiab qhov ntev geometric:

1. API SPEC 5L (Pipeline Steel rau Roj thiab Roj, feem ntau siv cov kav dej thoob ntiaj teb)

• Cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm: Lub zog tensile ntawm lub vuam yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua qhov qis tshaj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus txheej txheem; rau qib PSL2, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj Vickers cuam tshuam lub zog hauv thaj chaw vuam thiab cov cua sov, nrog rau kev ntsuas kev taw qhia khoov (qhov ntev ntawm cov kab nrib pleb tom qab khoov yuav tsum tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 3.18mm). Rau qhov loj - txoj kab uas hla welded kav, qhov poob rauj tsim kua muag kuaj kuj yuav tsum tau los xyuas qhov kev ntes ntes.
• Kev txwv tsis raug: Kev txwv tsis pub muaj cov kab nrib pleb thiab kev nkag mus tsis tiav; ib leeg pores yuav tsum muaj ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm Less tshaj los yog sib npaug zos rau 3 hli, thiab tag nrho ntev ntawm ntom pore pawg yuav tsum tsawg tshaj los yog sib npaug zos rau 6 hli; nyob rau hauv ib qho 150mm weld seam, tag nrho ntev ntawm slag yuav tsum tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 12.5mm.
• Geometric xav tau:Lub weld fillet qhov siab thiab misalignment muaj meej tolerances, thiab lateral offset ntawm weld yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj tus qauv txwv.

2. ASTM Standard Series

• ASTM A53 (General Fluid/Structural Welded Pipes): Lub weld yuav tsum tau fused tag nrho, nrog lub zog weld tsis tsawg dua 90% ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus. Lub vuam yuav tsum tsis txhob xau nyob rau hauv kev ntsuas dej siab; ERW welded kav nrog NPS Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 2 yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis muaj -kev ntsuas hluav taws xob puas tsuaj ntawm cov welds. UT / RT thiab lwm yam kev soj ntsuam siab tuaj yeem ntxiv thiab pom zoo los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom thiab tus muag khoom.
• ASTM A672 (Tshooj Nruab Nrab Kub Siab Siab Electrofusion Welded Pipes): Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm qhov vuam. Txhua batch yuav tsum tau mus rau ib tug weld lateral dabtsi yog khoov xeem, thiab cov weld deposited hlau yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.

3. EN Series (EN 10217 Siab Yeeb Nkab rau Vuam, EN 10208 Pipeline Pipeline)

• Kev txwv tsis raug:Qhov tob ntawm qhov tsis xws luag ntawm qhov vuam yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 5% ntawm phab ntsa tuab lossis 3 hli (qhov twg me dua), thiab qhov tsis xws luag nrog qhov tob ntawm qhov tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 0.3 hli tuaj yeem tso tawm; Cov kev puas tsuaj sab hauv yuav tsum ua raws li qhov sib thooj uas tsis yog - qib kev lees paub kev puas tsuaj.
• Kev xav tau kev ua haujlwm: Txhua qib ntawm welded kav yuav tsum xeem dhau qhov flattening / dabtsi yog khoov xeem kom paub tseeb cov weld plasticity; rau siab - cov kav dej siab ntawm kev xeem qeb 1, lub vuam yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov tensile thiab cuam tshuam kev ua tau zoo raws li cov khoom siv hauv paus.
• Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum muaj:Cov txheej txheem vuam yuav tsum raug soj ntsuam raws li tsim nyog ua ntej, thiab weld rework yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem tsim.

4. ISO 3183 (International Standard Pipeline Tube)
Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem kev cai ntawm API 5L, kev tshuaj xyuas qhov vuam sib raug raws li cov qauv ntawm cov qauv tsis yog -kev puas tsuaj ntawm ISO 10893. Muaj cov kev cai sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas, kev sib piv cov kev sim ntsuas, thiab cov qauv kev lees paub.

Raws li cov txheej txheem sab nraud, kev tshawb pom ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel welds tau muab faib ua ob pawg: 100% kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho thiab kev kuaj xyuas batch. Nws suav nrog peb cov lus qhia: tsis yog- kuaj kev puas tsuaj, kev sim ua kom puas tsuaj, thiab kev txheeb xyuas qhov loj me:

1. Tsis yog-kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj (tsuas yog kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, nrog rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm weld internal / deg kev ncaj ncees)

• Kev kuaj ultrasonic (UT) : Txoj kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov kav dej welded, nws tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws luag xws li kev ua tsis tiav fusion, tawg, thiab slag inclusions hauv weld seam. Txhua qib API 5L PSL2 thiab EN 10217 yuav tsum muaj 100% kev tiv thaiv vuam. Feem ntau, cov grooves dag nrog qhov tob ntawm 12.5% ​​ntawm phab ntsa tuab yog coj los ua qhov piv txwv. Qhov tsis xws luag tshaj qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau raug txiav txim tias tsis yog- ua raws.
• Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob (RT): High-precision hauv kev txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws luag xws li pores thiab slag. ASTM A672 yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam tag nrho weld RT. API 5L feem ntau yog siv rau kev soj ntsuam txuas ntxiv ntawm cov yeeb nkab kawg lossis ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau UT, tso cai rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov duab tsis raug.
• Eddy tam sim no / electromagnetic xeem (ET): Feem ntau siv rau kev tshawb pom sai hauv online ntawm ERW siab -frequency welded kav, muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov chaw thiab nyob ze - deg defects. Nws yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub rau cov kav dej zoo tib yam xws li ASTM A53.
• Hydrostatic xeem: Ib qho yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj sealing rau txhua cov yeeb nkab steel. Kev ntsuas siab yog xam raws li tus qauv (feem ntau sib haum rau 60% mus rau 95% tawm lub zog), thiab lub siab yog tuav rau ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 5 vib nas this (ntev mus rau 15 vib nas this rau siab - cov kav dej siab). Yog tias tsis muaj qhov xau lossis deformation ntawm lub vuam seam, nws yog qhov tsim nyog.

  
2. Destructive tests (batch sampling, txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv ntawm cov vuam seams)
Cov qauv yog coj los ntawm lub cub tawg tooj thiab ntau lawm batch. Cov khoom tseem ceeb muaj xws li:

• Tensile xeem nyob rau hauv lub transverse kev taw qhia: Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lub zog tensile ntawm weld seam, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus;
• Kev cob qhia dabtsi yog khoov (rau pem hauv ntej khoov + thim rov qab khoov): Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov yas deformation ntawm vuam seam, tsis muaj qhov tawg ntau dhau yuav tsum tshwm sim tom qab khoov;
• V-ntiv tes ntsuas qhov ntsuas: Rau PSL2, qis- kub, thiab siab - cov xwm txheej siab, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov vuam seam thiab thaj chaw tshav kub;
• Kev ntsuas compression: Cov khoom siv niaj hnub rau me me - txoj kab uas hla welded kav, nrog cov vuam seam muab tso rau hauv txoj kab ntsug hauv qab quab yuam, thiab tsis muaj qhov tawg tom qab compression raug suav tias tsim nyog.

3. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov pom thiab qhov ntev
Tshawb xyuas txhua qhov weld seam visually rau saum npoo. Ntsuas lub weld hlaws qhov siab, dav, misalignment, thiab undercut tob. Paub meej tias tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li pores, tawg, lossis weld spurs. Qhov ntev tolerances yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv kev cai.

Kev tshuaj xyuas cov welded steel yeeb nkab yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov qauv sab nraud. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nruj thiab kev pab them nqi ntawm cov khoom kuaj xyuas txawv nyob ntawm cov khoom qib thiab daim ntawv thov scenario:

1. Tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau welded steel kav:

ib tug neeg hydraulic siab kuaj thiab ib tug neeg pom kev soj ntsuam ntawm tsos. Cov no yog cov uas yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov sab nraud cim pob tw -welded kav, ncaj qha mus xyuas qhov sealing kev ua tau zoo thiab nto zoo ntawm cov welds.
 

2. Yuav tsum tsis yog -kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho rau nruab nrab thiab siab - qib welded kav:

• Rau API 5L PSL2, EN 10217, ASTM A672 siab- cov kav dej siab, thiab lwm yam, 100% weld non-kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj (UT/RT) yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua;
• Rau API 5L PSL1 thiab ASTM A53 zoo tib yam -qib welded kav, cov kev cai yooj yim yog dej siab + hluav taws xob kuaj / tsos. Rau cov qib siab dua, ntxiv tsis yog - kuaj kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem muab tau raws li daim ntawv cog lus yuav khoom.
   

3. Cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb nrog cov kev cai nruj ntxiv:

Hauv cov xwm txheej xws li kev pabcuam acidic, qis- qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig, cov raj xa dej hauv qab, thiab siab - siab boilers, ntxiv cov khoom xws li weld hardness testing, TOFD diffraction test, thiab poob rauj kua muag kuaj yuav suav nrog. Cov no yuav raug teev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus technical.

Seamless steel kav tsis muaj longitudinal welds thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb weld soj ntsuam cov cai. Txawm li cas los xij, cov yeeb nkab lub cev nws tus kheej tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li qhov tsis yog - kev ntsuas kev puas tsuaj uas tau teev tseg hauv cov qauv sib xws.